Empaveli - Drug Monograph

Comprehensive information about Empaveli including mechanism, indications, dosing, and safety information.

Introduction

Empaveli (pegcetacoplan) is a complement inhibitor approved by the FDA in May 2021 for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). It represents a novel therapeutic approach targeting the complement system, specifically designed to address both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis in PNH patients.

Mechanism of Action

Empaveli is a targeted C3 inhibitor that works by binding to complement protein C3 and its activation fragment C3b. This mechanism regulates the cleavage of C3 and the generation of downstream effectors of complement activation. By inhibiting C3, Empaveli controls both proximal and terminal complement activity, thereby reducing both intravascular hemolysis (mediated by membrane attack complex) and extravascular hemolysis (mediated by C3 opsonization).

Indications

  • Treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in adults
  • Approved for both treatment-naïve patients and those switching from other complement inhibitors (C5 inhibitors)

Dosage and Administration

Standard dosing: 1080 mg administered subcutaneously twice weekly via infusion pump Initial dose: Administer under healthcare supervision Preparation: Requires reconstitution with provided diluent Administration: Subcutaneous infusion over approximately 30-60 minutes Special populations:
  • Renal impairment: No dosage adjustment required
  • Hepatic impairment: Use with caution (limited data)
  • Elderly: No specific dosage adjustment recommended

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Bioavailability approximately 90% following subcutaneous administration Distribution: Volume of distribution approximately 7-8 L Metabolism: Underges proteolytic degradation to small peptides and amino acids Elimination: Half-life approximately 8 days Excretion: Primarily renal elimination of metabolites

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to pegcetacoplan or any component of the formulation
  • Patients with unresolved serious Neisseria meningitidis infection
  • Patients not currently vaccinated against Neisseria meningitidis

Warnings and Precautions

Boxed Warning: Serious infections caused by encapsulated bacteria
  • Meningococcal infections may occur despite vaccination
  • Must be vaccinated against Neisseria meningitidis at least 2 weeks prior to initiation
  • Monitor for early signs of meningococcal infection
  • Consider additional antibacterial prophylaxis if necessary
Additional precautions:
  • Infusion-related reactions
  • Monitoring for hemolysis upon discontinuation
  • Pregnancy and lactation considerations
  • Immunosuppressed patients

Drug Interactions

Significant interactions:
  • Other complement inhibitors: Avoid concomitant use
  • Immunosuppressive therapies: Increased infection risk
  • Live vaccines: Avoid concurrent administration

Adverse Effects

Most common adverse reactions (≥10%):
  • Injection site reactions (35%)
  • Infections (19%)
  • Diarrhea (12%)
  • Abdominal pain (11%)
  • Fatigue (11%)
  • Viral infection (11%)
Serious adverse reactions:
  • Meningococcal infections
  • Other serious infections
  • Hemolysis upon discontinuation
  • Hypersensitivity reactions

Monitoring Parameters

Baseline monitoring:
  • Meningococcal vaccination status
  • Complete blood count with reticulocytes
  • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels
  • Renal and hepatic function
Ongoing monitoring:
  • Signs/symptoms of infection (especially meningococcal)
  • LDH levels monthly
  • Hemoglobin and reticulocyte count
  • Injection site reactions
  • Hemolytic parameters
Post-discontinuation monitoring:
  • Monitor for hemolysis for at least 8 weeks after discontinuation

Patient Education

Key points for patients:
  • Complete all recommended vaccinations before starting treatment
  • Recognize signs of meningococcal infection (fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea)
  • Carry patient safety card at all times
  • Report any signs of infection immediately
  • Understand proper administration technique if self-administering
  • Do not stop medication without medical supervision
  • Report any injection site reactions
  • Inform all healthcare providers about Empaveli therapy

References

1. FDA Prescribing Information: Empaveli (pegcetacoplan). May 2021. 2. Hillmen P, Szer J, Weitz I, et al. Pegcetacoplan versus Eculizumab in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):1028-1037. 3. Brodsky RA. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2014;124(18):2804-2811. 4. Schrezenmeier H, Röth A, Araten DJ, et al. The complement inhibitor eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(12):1233-1243. 5. ClinicalTrials.gov: PEGASUS Study (NCT03500549) 6. Hill A, Kelly RJ, Hillmen P. Thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2013;121(25):4985-4996.

Medical Disclaimer

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

The content on MedQuizzify is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient and their healthcare provider. If you have a medical emergency, please call your doctor or emergency services immediately.

How to Cite This Article

admin. Empaveli - Drug Monograph. MedQuizzify [Internet]. 2025 Sep 07 [cited 2025 Sep 08]. Available from: http://medquizzify.pharmacologymentor.com/blog/drug-monograph-empaveli

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